Introduction Usage Parameters Output Results Releases

Introduction

This document describes the output produced by the pipeline.

The directories listed below will be created in the results directory after the pipeline has finished. All paths are relative to the top-level results directory.

Pipeline overview

The pipeline is built using Nextflow and the results are organized as follow:

Module output

Preprocessing

FastQC

FastQC gives general quality metrics about your sequenced reads. It provides information about the quality score distribution across your reads, per base sequence content (%A/T/G/C), adapter contamination and overrepresented sequences. For further reading and documentation see the FastQC help pages. FastQC is run as part of Trim galore! therefore its output can be found in Trimgalore’s folder.

Output files
  • trimgalore/fastqc/
    • *_fastqc.html: FastQC report containing quality metrics for your untrimmed raw fastq files.

Trim galore!

Trimgalore is trimming primer sequences from sequencing reads. Primer sequences are non-biological sequences that often introduce point mutations that do not reflect sample sequences. This is especially true for degenerated PCR primers. If primer trimming would be omitted, artifactual amplicon sequence variants might be computed by the denoising tool or sequences might be lost due to become labelled as PCR chimera.

Output files
  • trimgalore/: directory containing log files with retained reads, trimming percentage, etc. for each sample.
    • *trimming_report.txt: report of read numbers that pass trimgalore.

MultiQC

MultiQC is a visualization tool that generates a single HTML report summarising all samples in your project. Most of the pipeline QC results are visualised in the report and further statistics are available in the report data directory.

Results generated by MultiQC collate pipeline QC from supported tools e.g. FastQC. The pipeline has special steps which also allow the software versions to be reported in the MultiQC output for future traceability. For more information about how to use MultiQC reports, see http://multiqc.info.

Output files
  • multiqc/
    • multiqc_report.html: a standalone HTML file that can be viewed in your web browser.
    • multiqc_data/: directory containing parsed statistics from the different tools used in the pipeline.
    • multiqc_plots/: directory containing static images from the report in various formats.
Note

The FastQC plots displayed in the MultiQC report shows untrimmed reads. They may contain adapter sequence and potentially regions with low quality.

BBduk

BBduk is a filtering tool that removes specific sequences from the samples using a reference fasta file. BBduk is built-in tool from BBmap.

Output files
  • bbmap/
    • *.bbduk.log: a text file with the results from BBduk analysis. Number of filtered reads can be seen in this log.

BBnorm

BBnorm is a tool from BBmap that allows to reduce the coverage of highly abundant sequence kmers and remove sequences representing kmers that are below a threshold. It can be useful if the data set is too large to assemble but also potentially improve an assembly. N.B. the digital normalization is done only for the assembly and the non-normalized sequences will be used for quantification. BBnorm is a BBmap tool.

Output files
  • bbmap/bbnorm/logs/
    • *.logs: it is a log file of the bbnorm run.

Assembly step

Megahit

Megahit is used to assemble the cleaned and trimmed FastQ reads into contigs.

Output files
  • megahit/megahit_out/
    • *.log: log file of Megahit run.
    • megahit_assembly.contigs.fa.gz: reference genome created by Megahit.
    • intermediate_contigs: folder that contains the intermediate steps of Megahit run.

RNASpades

Optionally, you can use RNASpades to assemble reads into contigs.

Output files
  • rnaspades/
    • rnaspades.assembly.gfa.gz: gfa file output from rnaspades
    • rnaspades.spades.log: log file output from rnaspades run
    • rnaspades.transcripts.fa.gz: reference genome created by RNASpades

ORF caller step

Prodigal

As default, Prodigal is used to identify ORFs in the assembly.

Output files
  • prodigal/
    • *.fna.gz: nucleotides fasta file output
    • *.faa.gz: amino acids fasta file output
    • *.gff.gz: genome feature file output

Prokka

As one alternative, you can use Prokka to identify ORFs in the assembly. In addition to calling ORFs (done with Prodigal) Prokka will filter ORFs to only retain quality ORFs and will functionally annotate the ORFs. NB: Prodigal or Prokka are recomended for prokaryotic samples

Output files
  • prokka/
    • *.ffn.gz: nucleotides fasta file output
    • *.faa.gz: amino acids fasta file output
    • *.gff.gz: genome feature file output

TransDecoder

Another alternative is TransDecoder to find ORFs in the assembly. N.B. TransDecoder is recomended for eukaryotic samples

Output files
  • transdecoder/
    • *.cds: nucleotides fasta file output
    • *.pep: amino acids fasta file output
    • *.gff3: genome feature file output

Functional and taxonomical annotation

EggNOG

EggNOG-mapper will perform an analysis to assign functions to the ORFs.

Output files
  • eggnog/
    • *.emapper.annotations.gz: a file with the results from the annotation phase, see the EggNOG-mapper documentation.
    • *.emapper.hits.gz: a file with the results from the search phase, from HMMER, Diamond or MMseqs2.
    • *.emapper.seed_orthologs.gz: a file with the results from parsing the hits. Each row links a query with a seed ortholog. This file has the same format independently of which searcher was used, except that it can be in short format (4 fields), or full.

KOfamScan

KOfamScan will perform an analysis to assign KEGG orthologs to ORFs.

Output files
  • kofamscan/
    • *.kofamscan_output.tsv.gz: kofamscan output.

EUKulele

EUKulele will perform an analysis to assign taxonomy to the ORFs. A number of databases are supported: MMETSP, PhyloDB and GTDB. GTDB currently only works as a user provided database, i.e. data must be downloaded before running nf-core/metatdenovo.

Output files
  • eukulele/assembler.orfcaller/mets_full/diamond/
    • *.diamond.out.gz: Diamond output
  • eukulele/assembler.orfcaller/taxonomy_estimation/
    • *-estimated-taxonomy.out.gz: EUKulele output

Hmmsearch

You can run hmmsearch on ORFs using a set of HMM profiles provided to the pipeline (see the --hmmdir, --hmmpatern and --hmmfiles parameters).

Output files
  • hmmer/
    • *.tbl.gz: Table output gzipped as result of Hmmsearch run.

After the search, hits for each ORF and HMM will be summarised and ranked based on scores for the hits (see also output in summary tables).

Output files
  • hmmrank/
    • *.tsv.gz: tab separeted file with the ranked ORFs for each HMM profile.

Metatdenovo output

Summary tables

Consistently named and formated output tables in tsv format ready for further analysis. Filenames start with assembly program and ORF caller, to allow reruns of the pipeline with different parameter settings without overwriting output files.

Output files
  • summary_tables/
    • {assembler}.{orf_caller}.overall_stats.tsv.gz: overall statistics from the pipeline, e.g. number of reads, number of called ORFs, number of reads mapping back to contigs/ORFs etc.
    • {assembler}.{orf_caller}.counts.tsv.gz: read counts per ORF and sample.
    • {assembler}.{orf_caller}.emapper.tsv.gz: reformatted output from EggNOG-mapper.
    • {assembler}.{orf_caller}.{db}_eukulele.tsv.gz: taxonomic annotation per ORF for specific database.
    • {assembler}.{orf_caller}.prokka-annotations.tsv.gz: reformatted annotation output from Prokka.
    • {assembler}.{orf_caller}.hmmrank.tsv.gz: ranked summary table from HMMER results.

Pipeline information

Output files
  • pipeline_info/
    • reports generated by Nextflow: execution_report.html, execution_timeline.html, execution_trace.txt and pipeline_dag.dot/pipeline_dag.svg.
    • reports generated by the pipeline: pipeline_report.html, pipeline_report.txt and software_versions.yml. The pipeline_report* files will only be present if the --email / --email_on_fail parameter’s are used when running the pipeline.
    • reformatted samplesheet files used as input to the pipeline: samplesheet.valid.csv.
    • parameters used by the pipeline run: params.json.
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